The sentiment was not sad, but it was taboo and humorous. Islamicrelated genres, including orkes Melayu and gambus Middle Eastern—inspired lute-based music , are often cited as precursors to dangdut. The gedongan group, including members of the highly successful rock bands Panbers and God Bless, was made up of middle- and upper-class youth. They played Western popular songs as well as Latin dance music. As a distinct genre of storytelling, we can speak about formal narrative conventions in dangdut.
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