Risk management, compliance, and internal audit professionals are well versed in finding ways to help organizations manage risk. From employing Enterprise Risk Management or ERM best practices, to responding to real time disruptions, risk professionals have many tools in their proverbial toolbox — and they need them. Risk identification and assessment processes need to be iterative and dynamic. Auditors need to revise risk assessments and modify risk responses and audit procedures throughout fast-changing and complex circumstances.
To help your company manage emerging threats and better prepare for the future, it’s vital that you and your team develop Key Risk Indicators (KRIs). This helps to safeguard your organization from the various types of risks that can sidetrack its plans, and even point to early warning signs of major disruptions. Safeguarding activities include:
Key risk indicators are metrics that predict potential risks that can negatively impact businesses. They provide a way to quantify and monitor each risk. Think of them as change-related metrics that act as an early warning risk detection system to help companies effectively monitor, manage and mitigate risks. KRIs provide visibility into the weaknesses within your company’s risk and control environment and processes — and help to develop a risk assessment plan to fortify your business.
Key risk indicators are not limited by function or silo and can be applied to many business processes and risk factors, informing an organization’s overall risk management strategy.
KRIs add value to overall operational risk management by playing an essential risk management role. KRIs predict potential risk — especially within high-risk areas and sectors. KRIs can help with:
In short, KRIs provide an early warning system” that allows companies to be prepared for risks.
Emerging risks will continue to impact many audit risk areas. Industries will put an emphasis on developing or bolstering their risk assessment plans to focus on identifying emerging risks within their supply chains and internal controls — as well as looking at fraud or cybersecurity threats due to remote working conditions. Climate change, natural disasters, and geopolitical factors play another role in the emerging risk landscape.
As a powerful tool supporting operational risk management (ORM), KRIs help identify and define risks to ensure everyone understands the relationship between each KRI and potential risks. So, how do KRIs help companies identify these emerging risks? KRIs assist companies with:
Clearly identifying KRIs involves developing a roadmap — such as the one outlined below — to establish the right set of KRIs for the organization. As with all risk management approaches, KRIs should be tailored to the risk profile of the company and take into account the major risks that face the business. This process will involve your risk management team, each business unit, and those responsible for internal audits.
Before identifying KRIs, your risk management team will need to create a framework and provide guidance by ensuring everyone is trained on the KRI selection process. The risk management team can also provide guidance around risk mitigation and action plans, as well as oversight around effective KRIs and similar initiatives.
Each business unit will be responsible for identifying their respective KRIs, setting the thresholds, monitoring each KRI state, and escalating variances against these to management, including:
Another part of identifying KRIs is setting thresholds or tolerances that enable flags to be raised when the situation moves outside of the normal. The thresholds should be based on industry norms or internal acceptance criteria. All thresholds should be carefully vetted by key stakeholders and approved by your company leadership or board of directors. Other tasks that need to be addressed when developing KRIs including determining who is responsible for:
Internal audit will need to validate and provide assurances relating to the KRI process as well as build into the audit plan all the required inputs and record auditresults related to KRI audits. Internal audit will also need to identify, document, and report all exceptions or breaches to KRIs. Internal audit teams can play a major role in evaluating the suitability and relevance of KRIs, and it may be worthwhile for organizations to complete periodic KRI audits.
There are various types of quantitative and qualitative KRIs — for example, some are focused on financial, human resource, operational, technical, or other aspects of the business.
These focus on provable facts and numerical data based on findings from mathematical models, system outputs, and analysis methods.
These types of KRIs focus on predicting probability-based outcomes to support things like sensitivity analysis.
Depending on your business or industry’s nature, the use of quantitative over qualitative KRIs may be more relevant. Some KRIs may also rank higher on the priority list, be of more importance than others, and be subject to change based on internal or external environmental factors. Here are examples of top types of KRIs used across a range of industries and sectors.
Quantitative financial KRIs may be of greater significance to commercial or retail banks, asset management or firms, or Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firms. Some examples of financial KRIs pointing to external environmental factors might include ones that measure an economic downturn or regulatory changes. Internal factors might be changes to strategic goals, budget limitations, or acquisitions.
Staffing and recruitment firms and human resource departments are likely to be interested in using quantitative or qualitative people-based KRIs. High staff turnover, low staff satisfaction, labor shortages, or low recruiting conversion rates are some examples of human resource KRIs.
Operational KRIs could measure many things, from failed internal processes to ineffective internal controls. These types of KRIs can be typically developed in all industries. Factors impacting operational KRIs might center around process inefficiencies, leadership changes, or changes to strategic goals.
System failures, security breaches, and denial of service incidents are all examples of events measured by technology-based KRIs. These types of KRIs also impact all industries but can be of greater importance to a technology service provider or a firm that relies on online business portals. Technological risk factors might include increased operational complexity, security issues, changes to protocols, or regulations.
It’s important to understand the difference between KRIs and KPIs. While they are related, they are different. They work together to provide companies and their leaders with the metrics needed to fortify their businesses. Both KPIs and KRIs are needed — they work hand-in-hand to create a complete picture for effective and timely decision-making.
KPIs ** ** look backward and focus on how well companies are achieving their goals. KPIs identify and prioritize a company’s key goals as well as monitor performance against those goals.
KRIs are predictive. They assess and manage potential risks to goals. They focus on the likelihood of companies achieving their goals based on potential risk factors. KRIs are linked to an organization’s risk posture and strategic priorities, and identify current and emerging risks related to each key goal. KRIs also monitor risks and send an early warning when the business is at risk of not achieving its goals.
Gauging performance and ensuring goals and milestones are met is one of the key aspects for which any leadership team is responsible. When looking at their dashboard each day, leaders across the business expect to see the information that tells them the current state of things — and that hopefully, they are on track — and this includes KRIs. When KRIs fall outside of thresholds, they alert management there’s increased potential for risk exposure — but KRIs are only useful when they’re developed using this methodical yet simple approach.
Prior to establishing KRIs, it is essential first to understand your company’s goals and any vulnerabilities that can cause risk points. Effective enterprise risk management relies on identifying the most significant risks — these are the ones that will have the highest impact, the highest chance of occurring — or are the most likely to be outside of your company’s control.
If your company has already established Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), these can create KRIs. Why? The KPIs will already make sense and provide the underlying information — this can reduce the time spent on monitoring and the needed resources. Keep in mind: the KPIs being transferred to KRIs must also be relevant, timely, measurable, and make sense. If the KPIs are out of date or cover a period of time that is no longer applicable, then they shouldn’t be used.
Since KRIs are developed by each department, a solid process for creating, assessing, monitoring, and reporting them to the appropriate individuals will need to be established. The following best practices can ensure things go smoothly.
Following a methodical approach like the one above can help streamline the process of developing Key Risk Indicators. Using automation to aggregate KRIs and present them in a clear dashboard can also be a game-changer.
Creating, monitoring, and reporting KRIs sounds pretty straightforward, but it’s a bit more involved than one might think. Many businesses still struggle with common mistakes when establishing KRIs for these reasons:
Being aware of these common challenges can help you design a KRI development approach that will anticipate data and process-related issues.
Key risk indicators should be linked to a KPI and a strategic goal — and they should be prioritized to keep the focus on key risks. It’s also vital for KRIs to be continually monitored and tracked regularly — although the frequency will depend on the type of KRI.
Risk management and audit professionals play a pivotal role in ensuring the right metrics are in place to reduce risk exposure. Effectively using KRIs also relies on having the right risk management platform in place. AuditBoard can assist in monitoring your company’s KRIs with integrated risk management software — get started with RiskOversight today.
Key risk indicators are metrics that predict potential risks that can negatively impact businesses.
There are many categories of KRIs, including qualitative, quantitative, financial, operational, and technological KRIs, among others.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) look to the past to compare and measure current performance while also setting organizational goals. Key risk indicators (KRIs) are forward looking and try to anticipate, prevent, and/or mitigate risk events.
Some challenges involved with developing KRIs is the collaboration and buy-in needed to establish effective KRIs, the complexity of data associated with measuring KRIs, and the lack of usable data within an organization to measure KRIs.
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