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hi everyone

i am new to froex and decided to open PAMM investor account in HOTFOREX . when i tried to open pamm investor account after selecting the pamm manager , it is asking me to open a live account . when tried to fill the live account form certain fields are unknow to me plz help me to complete the registration of live account in hotforex to select the best options from the available for newbie

1)Account Types: premuim or currenex (only one of two are allowed in hot forex)

2)Leverage of up to: plz give me best leverage option for leverage ratio its ranging from -

3)Choose currency base: i selected dollars so no issue

4)Bonus Type: best bonus option to be selected for pamm investor account - given are no bonus, 15% rescue 50% withdraw and % credit .

5)for this option i selected “yes” (Derivative products are suitable as part of my investment objectives and attitude towards risk and I am able to assess the risks involved in trading them.) is it ok ??

hope someone help me thank you

Hey forexcalgary, to easy your doubts (at least a little) I live in Edmonton “previously known as city of champions” lol. And have had an account with FXTM for about 3 weeks. I did go right for the real account with USD deposit. I have have not had any issues so far, even with withdrawals.
What they say about needing to be an accredited investor is true, however, it is not illegal for you to trade. The company, in this case FXTM is at fault by not following the dumb Alberta regulations about not letting your common folk invest in FOREX. I got this information straight from calling Alberta securities commission. Mind you, the withdrawal I made was simply a test of taking out about 23 USD via the same credit card I used to make the deposits. I was slowly starting to freak out as I had deposited about $ to date and was worried about loosing it forever after reading a whole bunch of reviews saying they are bullpo-op lol.

This being said, I don’t know about withdrawals of profit yet, as this is the first attempt I made to withdraw. My current plan is to wait it out before depositing more and let my money “grow” so to speak before I attempt to withdraw a bigger amount. All in all, it took under 48hrs before the withdrawal was done on FXTM, but took an extra 4 business days before it showed up as a credit on my mastercard.

Hope this helps, as mentioned, I do still live in Edmonton and if need be can send you proof of successful withdrawal.

NVP said:

and the "paid for" APP ?can you elaborate GKA ?

i&#;m not allowed to discuss my % Ukraine charity based website and discord channel i&#;m afraid here (unless you are trying to get me banned again ?)i dont make a commercial penny from other traders i dont need to

Click to expand

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Forex Factory is one of the most popular Forex forums on the internet. They have over seven thousand members. On the left side of the page, you can see how many of these members are currently active on the forum.

The forum is well organized so that you can find the information you need, open a thread, or reply to one with only a few clicks. If you scroll down the main page, you will see eight sub-topics: trading systems, broker discussion, rookie talk, platform tech, interactive trading, trading discussion, trading journals, and commercial talk.

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The Forex Peace Army has been around for over five years. Their forums are divided into two: “companies discussion” and “beginners bootcamp,” which are subdivided into more groups. This Forex forum has a very active folder named “Scam Alerts,” where scam victims alert other users. You can also write down any questions on brokers or websites that could possibly be guilty of fraud to see if anyone has had any experience before.

Other than that, you can look for specific forums using the search button and adding information such as keywords, author, question status, prefixes, or a date. This website also offers books that can be useful for beginners who would like to interiorize themselves a bit more before participating in the Forex Peace Army.

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Trade to Win (T2W) is a forum aimed for active Forex traders who want to connect their ideas, communicate their perspective, or ask questions. The T2W forum offers an advanced search in order to avoid thread repetition. You can also easily find forums of your personal interest thanks to their structure, where they divide their discussions into six categories: reception, markets, methods, trading career, commercial, and off the grid.

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Baby Pips Forex forum is another well-known website which can be useful for both beginners and experienced traders. The information found under the categories “brokers,” “trading language and indicators,” and “trading technology and tools” could be useful for new traders. On the other hand, there are also sections that analyze trading techniques such as automated, copy, or mirror trading for those who already know the basics. Also, Baby Pips offers an educational area to complement the forum threads as well as four different calculators that can come to handy as a Forex tool.

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Forex Forum is another website dedicated to helping its members trade profitably by communicating with others around the world about Forex basics and specifics. It is a very intuitive website where you can read and comment on indicators, tools, brokers, and trading software. There are also threads on strategies and trading systems such as scalping or hedging.

Just like in the Forex Peace Army forum, you can find a “scam alert” section in case you are doubting a broker.

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Forex Brokers We Recommend in Your Region

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This Telegram group has over twelve thousand members who read the information sent through the app. This channel sends messages about account opening and Forex pair variations. With this, they recommend if it is a good moment to buy or sell specific pairs in the Forex market. All of the messages are short and precise without much explanation, which makes it better for those who already understand trading basics and language. This Forex Telegram group is active from Monday through Friday, days during which the Forex market is open.

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With over fifteen thousand members, Wall Street Forex Signals sends updates on profitable pairs or the daily briefing when markets close. Although they send over ten messages in a single day, some of these are promotions about their paid or premium version of Telegram, which can be a distraction for those seeking only real time information about Forex.

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With almost five thousand subscribers, Tugas FX offers excellent summaries on specific Forex pairs and their stop loss, take profit, continuation patterns, and lots. They also publish the day’s closed trades. However, it is all written in technical language with the corresponding abbreviations.

On the other hand, they do not offer any educational content, which could be a let-down for beginners. Tugas FX also likes to post about their premium signal service to get more subscribers.

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Forex AMG is one of the largest Forex Telegram groups with over 40 thousand members. Unlike the other signals, they write complete sentences that have a friendly approach. They often write “shaya,” which means “gift of god,” seeking to create loyalty within the users.  Forex AMG posts various times during Forex trading hours about the GBP/USD currency pair. They also send charts and breaking news through their Telegram channel.

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Forex GDP is almost at ten thousand subscribers. They do not post every day, but they share essential news that could affect the market, such as presidential elections, political encounters, and significant market updates such as gold and the U.S. dollar. This group published analyzed charts with an explanation below the image and educational content. They have a premium Forex Telegram group, but they do not advertise it on their free Telegram channel.

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Forex Reapers has forty-five thousand members. They provide information about pips and a range of Forex pairs. Some of them are GBP/NZD, CHF/JPY, USD/CHF, CAD/JPY, AUD/JPY, and more.

This Telegram channel does not have educational information, and they do not post news or charts. Although they share important information, it might be an annoyance to some that every signal they send has a paragraph below that tries to convince non-paying members to join their paid VIP channels.

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This Telegram group has few subscribers, just over a thousand, but they are constantly sharing charts and chart analysis with their members. Members are even allowed to leave comments on their signals if you have any doubts or observations, which they are quick to respond to. It is important to note that this Forex Telegram group shares Nasdaq market information only as at the time of writing.

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AltSignals has over eighty-three thousand members who read their daily posts. Every day they have different information, sometimes memes, daily price charts, and breaking news. However, they mostly show forwarded messages from their VIP Telegram group that will talk about pips, profit, and periods of a certain pair.

This Forex Telegram channel offers educational information on social trading as well. They add links so you can continue reading if you are interested in their content.

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Sure Shot Forex has over nineteen thousand subscribers to their Forex channel. They send out messages that vary in their content. Some days they post about a broker they recommend with an attached link. You will also find charts that are analyzed and drawn on for a better understanding.

Sure Shot Forex invites you to try out their premium or VIP channel, but it is not daily spam. You can read last week's briefing to catch up if necessary and stay posted on market updates even from the free group.

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This Forex telegram channel posts charts every day for their over 4 thousand members. Some of these are not profoundly analyzed, which could complicate the understanding of beginners. However, most charts are explained in a short paragraph below and have colored markers on them for a better recognition.

It is important to mention that this Forex channel does not provide any educational services. Forex Technical Analysis and Signal offers a premium account for those who understand price charts and would like to receive even more updates.

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This Facebook page offers Forex signals for traders who work online. You can find two groups from this page:  the first is Profit Forex Signals, and it has over members. The suggestions and information posted on this group are for traders who already understand the basics. 

The second Facebook group, initiated in , is Learn Forex with Profit Signals that, as the name may suggest, offers social Forex learning through daily posts. This group has over four thousand members. If you like what they offer in their free groups, you can also become a member to access more information and Forex charts.

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As the name says, this group is aimed for Forex traders who are just beginning and need to learn the technical language, the types of charts, indicators, tools, and more. The group was created in and has thirty-nine thousand members today.

Forex Trading for Beginners offers free courses that are mostly focused on what they believe is critical for profitable Forex trading: chart formations. The training program is sent to you in an easy to understand format through videos with organized and clear information. You can also learn about mastering emotions, setting stop losses, and understanding trading techniques.

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Forex Traders U.S.A is an excellent group if you want to communicate with other traders. You can ask questions and respond to posts about advanced trading subjects or topics for beginners. Their over two hundred and thirty-seven thousand members have access to files that have been uploaded. These include free courses, books on how to trade, PDFs about Forex myths, and more.

It is a safe group since every post and file uploaded must be approved by the admins in order to appear on the timeline. There is a section for events. Some of the past events are Forex Beginner Intro, Scalping Event, and Scalping Challenge.

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In this Facebook Forex group, the admin uploads around three posts a day for the almost twelve thousand members. In the discussion section, you are allowed to post or comment so as to read, share, or ask about Forex information. Other members promote their courses, ask questions, and talk about market movements.

Although members and admins upload media such as charts, there is no section available for files such as Forex PDFs or eBooks. If you choose to enter the group, you must answer three questions in order to be approved. In this way, the admins try to control bots or people who are not genuinely interested in Forex trading.

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This Facebook group specializes in free Forex suggestions and trading ideas for both beginners and advanced traders. They believe communication is critical and offer their Whatsapp number, Telegram channel, and email address for you to contact them in a more private manner.

In this group, with over one hundred and forty-seven thousand members, you will find links to important news that can change market sentiment so as to be aware of any changes. Forex Trading has a media and a files section where you can find chart photos with their analysis and eBooks such as “Trading Psychology.”

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Forex Traders Latinoamerica is a Facebook Forex group created over a year ago with almost five thousand members. This group has only one admin, James Hook, which lets you join without asking any questions once you send a request.

In the media section, you can find images, videos, and albums. The admin has uploaded videos where he explains chart movements in less than five minutes. These videos have been recorded from his computer screen, and he works on charts as he talks to the viewer. They are aimed at Forex traders who understand basic technical language.

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This Facebook group is more of a training group for Forex traders who are just starting. The admin opened this group less than a year ago and already has forty-eight thousand members. Although you may not post, you are free to comment, like, or share what the admin uploads making it an excellent way to communicate with other traders.

There are also pinned announcements with information on future courses or downloadable Forex videos through a link. This group has a file section with no uploads and a media folder with photos and videos about charts. Some of these are not explained, which leaves new traders without helpful information.

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Forex Traders Australia is a private group that first began in Their fifteen thousand members can interact with each other on the discussion tab. You are allowed to upload pictures and videos as long as they are a positive element for the group since a post must be approved beforehand before it gets published.

In this Forex group, you can find inquiries of people who need suggestions, information on specific brokers, insight on currency pairs, and even simple definitions like what a broker is and does. Although they have an event and files section, none of these are currently active. However, the media tab has uploads from both the admin and members.

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Since , this Forex group has been posting about ECN brokers, short for Electronic Communication Network. There are frequent uploads to the file section where you can find Forex guides and books.

You can see the upcoming and past events such as webinars or live trading streams available for the over 20 thousand members on the events tab. You can see posts by the admin or other members on the discussion section, where you can read and comment on ECN Forex brokers and trading.

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The Forex Trading International Group is aimed for beginners and experienced traders. You will find posts about trading tactics, chart movements, tips, and Forex programs that can interest all levels of Forex traders.

The ten thousand members can access the free eBooks that have been uploaded or read posts about technical analysis, risk management, or the best Forex trading platforms. Some of the events that have been posted are free online sessions, signals, and trading camps.

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As a Forex trader, either new or experienced, knowledge is the key to adding gains to your balance. Forex is a fast-moving market that can give you great returns or losses. It will all depend on how you understand the market sentiment and how you read it and react to it. A great way to learn or be on top of Forex trades is communication. Facebook, Telegram, and Forums are great ways to exchange ideas with other traders, learn from them, or share knowledge to broaden your trading journey.

As you can see, there are a vast amount of Forex groups operating on the internet, either for mentorship, signals, or simple discussion and camaraderie. Many of them are free so it is not necessarily something you have to spend money on. These days, Telegram is the hottest new app where you can find most of the emerging Forex action.

Keep in mind that the groups which look the best are not necessarily the best for you. For example, mentors who charge for their services may give a higher priority to marketing and expanding their services than in making sure they give good advice to aspiring Forex traders. Groups which provide signal services should be judged on their long-term results, not on flashy screens or unsubstantiated boasts of profit generated in pips. Be critical and don’t believe the hype without verification.

What is the best Forex signals group?

The best Forex signals group is the Forex Signal Factory.

Who is the top Forex mentorship?

The most popular Forex mentor varies month by month, and the best mentor for you will depend upon your trading style. For example, if you want to be a trend trader, read mentors specialising in trend trading until you find one you click with.

I previously mentioned in the QuantStart: In Review article that I would be spending some of writing about automated forex trading.

Given that I myself usually carry out research in equities and futures markets, I thought it would be fun (and educational!) to write about my experiences of entering the forex market in the style of a diary. Each "diary entry" will attempt to build on all those before, but should also be relatively self-contained.

In this first entry of the diary I'll be describing how to set up a new practice brokerage account with OANDA as well as how to create a basic multithreaded event-driven trading engine that can automatically execute trades in both a practice and live setting.

Last year we spent a lot of time looking at the event-driven backtester, primarily for equities and ETFs. The one I present below is geared towards forex and can be used for either paper trading or live trading.

I have written all of the following instructions for Ubuntu , but they should easily translate to Windows or Mac OS X, using a Python distribution such as Anaconda. The only additional library used for the Python trading engine is the requests library, which is necessary for HTTP communication to the OANDA API.

Since this is the first post directly about foreign exchange trading, and the code presented below can be straightforwardly adapted to a live trading environment, I would like to present the following disclaimers:

Disclaimer: Trading foreign exchange on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The high degree of leverage can work against you as well as for you. Before deciding to invest in foreign exchange you should carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, and risk appetite. The possibility exists that you could sustain a loss of some or all of your initial investment and therefore you should not invest money that you cannot afford to lose. You should be aware of all the risks associated with foreign exchange trading, and seek advice from an independent financial advisor if you have any doubts.

This software is provided "as is" and any expressed or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the regents or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.

Setting Up an Account with OANDA

The first question that comes to mind is "Why choose OANDA?". Simply put, after a bit of Googling around for forex brokers that had APIs, I saw that OANDA had recently released a proper REST API that could easily be communicated with from nearly any language in an extremely straightforward manner. After reading through their developer API documentation, I decided to give them a try, at least with a practice account.

To be clear - I have no prior or existing relationship with OANDA and am only providing this recommendation based on my limited experience playing around with their practice API and some brief usage (for market data download) while employed at a fund previously. If anybody has come across any other forex brokers that also have a similarly modern API then I'd be happy to give them a look as well.

Before utilising the API it is necessary to sign up for a practice account. To do this, head to the sign-up link. You will see the following screen:

OANDA sign-up screen

You will then be able to sign in with your login credentials. Make sure to select the "fxTradePractice" tab from the sign-in screen:

OANDA sign-in screen

Once in you will need to make a note of your Account ID. It is listed underneath the black "My Funds" header next to "Primary". Mine is a 7-digit number. In addition you will also need to generate a personal API token. To do this click "Manage API Access" underneath the "Other Actions" tab on the lower left:

OANDA dashboard

At this stage you will be able to generate an API token. You will need the key for use later, so make sure to write it down as well.

You will now want to launch the FXTrade Practice application, which will allow us to see the executed orders and our (paper!) profit & loss.

If you are running a Ubuntu system you will need to install a slightly different version of Java. In particular, the Oracle version of Java 8. If you don't do this then the practice simulator will not load from the browser. I ran these commands on my system:

You will now be able to launch the practice trading environment. Return to the OANDA dashboard and click the green highlighted "Launch FXTrade Practice" link. It will bring up a Java dialog asking whether you want to run it. Click "Run" and the fxTrade Practice tool will load. Mine defaulted to a min candle chart of EUR/USD with the Quote Panel on the left:

OANDA fxTrade Practice screen

At this point we are ready to begin designing and coding our automated forex trading system against the OANDA API.

Overview of Trading Architecture

If you have been following the event-driven backtester series for equities and ETFs that I created last year, you'll be aware of how such an event-driven trading system functions. For those of you who are new to event-driven software, I would strongly suggest reading through the article in order to gain some insight into how they work.

In essence, the entire program is executed in an infinte loop that only terminates when the trading system is shut off. The central communication mechanism of the program is given via a queue that contains events.

The queue is constantly queried to check for new events. Once an event has been taken off the top of the queue it must be handled by an appropriate component of the program. Hence a market data feed might create s that are placed onto the queue when a new market price arrives. A signal-generating strategy object might create s that are to be sent to a brokerage.

The usefulness of such a system is given by the fact that it doesn't matter what order or types of events are placed on the queue, as they will always be correctly handled by the right component within the program.

In addition different parts of the program can be run in separate threads, meaning that there is never any waiting for any particular component before processing any other. This is extremely useful in algorithmic trading situations where market data feed handlers and strategy signal generators have vastly different performance characteristics.

The main trading loop is given by the following Python pseudo-code:

As we stated above the code runs in an infinite loop. Firstly, the queue is polled to retrieve a new event. If the queue is empty, then the loop simply restarts after a short sleep period known as the "heartbeat". If an event is found its type is assessed and then the relevant module (either the or the handler) is called upon to handle the event and possibly generate new ones that go back onto the queue.

The basic components that we will create for our trading system include the following:

• Streaming Price Handler - This will keep a long-running connection open to OANDAs servers and send tick data (i.e. bid/ask) across the connection for any instruments that we're interested in.
• Strategy Signal Generator - This will take a sequence of tick events and use them to generate trading orders that will be executed by the execution handler.
• Execution Handler - Takes a set of order events and then blindly executes them with OANDA.
• Events - These objects constitute the "messages" that are passed around on the events queue. We only require two for this implementation, namely the and the .
• Main Entry Point - The main entry point also includes the "trade" loop that continuously polls the message queue and dispatches messages to the correct component. This is often known as the "event loop" or "event handler".

We will now discuss the implementation of the code in detail. At the bottom of the article is the complete listing of all source code files. If you place them in the same directory and run you will begin generating orders, assuming you have filled in your account ID and authentication token from OANDA.

Python Implementation

It is bad practice to store passwords or authentication keys within a codebase as you can never predict who will eventually be allowed access to a project. In a production system we would store these credentials as environment variables with the system and then query these "envvars" each time the code is redeployed. This ensures that passwords and auth tokens are never stored in a version control system.

However, since we are solely interested in building a "toy" trading system, and are not concerned with production details in this article, we will instead separate these auth tokens into a settings file.

In the following configuration file we have a dictionary called which stores the API endpoints for both the OANDA price streaming API and the trading API. Each sub dictionary contains three separate API endpoints: , and .

The API is purely for testing code and for checking that there are no errors or bugs. It does not have the uptime guarantees of the or APIs. The API, in essence, provides the ability to paper trade. That is, it provides all of the features of the API on a simulated practice account. The API is just that - it is live trading! If you use that endpoint in your code, it will trade against your live account balance. BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL!

IMPORTANT: When trading against the practice API remember that an important transaction cost, that of market impact, is not considered. Since no trades are actually being placed into the environment this cost must be accounted for in another way elsewhere using a market impact model if you wish to realistically assess performance.

In the following we are using the account as given by the setting. We need two separate dictionaries for the domains, one each for the streaming and trading API components. Finally we have the and . I've filled the two below with dummy IDs so you will need to utilise your own, which can be accessed from the OANDA account page:

The next step is to define the events that the queue will use to help all of the individual components communicate. We need two: and . The first stores information about instrument market data such as the (best) bid/ask and the trade time. The second is used to transmit orders to the execution handler and thus contains the instrument, the number of units to trade, the order type ("market" or "limit") and the "side" (i.e. "buy" and "sell").

To future-proof our events code we are going to create a base class called and have all events inherit from this. The code is provided below in :

The next class we are going to create will handle the trading strategy. In this demo we are going to create a rather nonsensical strategy that simply receives all of the market ticks and on every 5th tick randomly buys or sells 10, units of EUR/USD.

Clearly this is a ridiculous "strategy"! However, it is fantastic for testing purposes because it is straightforward to code and understand. In future diary entries we will be replacing this with something significantly more exciting that will (hopefully) turn a profit!

The file can be found below. Let's work through it and see what's going on. Firstly we import the library and the object from . We need the lib in order to select a random buy or sell order. We need as this is how the strategy object will send orders to the events queue, which will later be executed by the execution handler.

The class simply takes the instrument (in this case EUR/USD), the number of units and the events queue as a set of parameters. It then creates a counter that is used to tell how many instances it has seen.

Most of the work occurs in the method, which simply takes an event, determines whether it is a (otherwise ignore) and increments the tick counter. It then checks to see if the count is divisible by 5 and then randomly buys or sells, with a market order, the specified number of units. It's certainly not the world's greatest trading strategy, but it will be more than suitable for our OANDA brokerage API testing purposes!

The next component is the execution handler. This class is tasked with acting upon instances and making requests to the broker (in this case OANDA) in a "dumb" fashion. That is, there is no risk management or potfolio construction overlay. The execution handler will simply execute any order that it has been given.

We must pass all of the authentication information to the class, including the "domain" (practice, real or sandbox), the access token and account ID. We then create a secure connection with , one of Pythons built in libraries.

Most of the work occurs in . The method requires an event as a parameter. It then constructs two dictionaries - the and the . These dictionaries will then be correctly encoded (partially by , another Python library) to be sent as an HTTP POST request to OANDAs API.

We pass the and header parameters, which include our authentication information. In addition we encode the parameters, which include the instrument (EUR/USD), units, order type and side (buy/sell). Finally, we make the request and save the response:

The most complex component of the trading system is the object, which handles the market price updates from OANDA. There are two methods: and .

The first method uses the Python requests library to connect to a streaming socket with the appropriate headers and parameters. The parameters include the Account ID and the necessary instrument list that should be listened to for updates (in this case it is only EUR/USD). Note the following line:

This tells the connection to be streamed and thus kept open in a long-running manner.

The second method, , actually attempts to connect to the stream. If the response is not successful (i.e. the response code is not HTTP ), then we simply return and exit. If it is successful we try to load the JSON packet returned into a Python dictionary. Finally, we convert the Python dictionary with the instrument, bid/ask and timestamp into a that is sent to the events queue:

We now have all of the major components in place. The final step is to wrap up everything we have written so far into a "main" program. The goal of this file, known as , is to create two separate threads, one of which runs the pricing handler and the other which runs the trading handler.

Why do we need two separate threads? Put simply, we are executing two "separate" pieces of code, both of which are continuously running. If we were to create a non-threaded program, then the streaming socket used for the pricing updates would never ever "release" back to the main code path and hence we would never actually carry out any trading. Similarly, if we ran the loop (see below), we would never actually return the flow path to the price streaming socket. Hence we need multiple threads, one for each component, so that they can be carried out independently. They will both communicate to each other via the events queue.

Let's examine this a bit futher. We create two separate threads with the following lines:

We pass the function or method name to the keyword argument and then pass an iterable (such as a list or tuple) to the keyword argument, which then passes those arguments to the actual method/function.

Finally we start both threads with the following lines:

Thus we are able to run two, effectively infinite looping, code segments independently, which both communicate through the events queue. Note that the Python library does not produce a true multi-core multithreaded environment due to the CPython implementation of Python and the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL). If you would like to read more about multithreading on Python, please take a look at this article.

Let's examine the rest of the code in detail. Firstly we import all of the necessary libraries including , and . We then import all of the above code files. I personally prefer to capitalise any configuration settings, which is a habit I picked up from working with Django!

After that we define the function, which was explained in Python-pseudocode above. An infinite while loop is carried out () that continuously polls from the events queue and only skips the loop if it is found empty. If an event is found then it is either a or a and then the appropriate component is called to carry it out. In this case it is either a strategy or execution handler. The loop then simply sleeps for "heartbeat" seconds (in this case seconds) and continues.

Finally, we define the main entrypoint of the code in the function. It is well commented below, but I will summarise here. In essence we instantiate the events queue and define the instruments/units. We then create the price streaming class and then subsequently the execution handler. Both receive the necessary authentication details that are given by OANDA when creating an account.

We then create the instance. Finally we define the two threads and then start them:

To run the code you simply need to place all the files in the same directory and call the following at the terminal:

Note that to stop the code at this stage requires a hard kill of the Python process, via "Ctrl-Z" or equivalent! I've not added an additional thread to handle looking for the that would be needed to stop the code safely. A potential way to stop the code on a Ubuntu/Linux machine is to type:

And then pass the output of this (a process number) into the following:

Where PROCESS_ID must be replaced with the output of pgrep. Note that this is NOT particularly good practice!

In later articles we will be creating a more sophisticated stop/start mechanism that makes use of Ubuntu's process supervision in order to have the trading system running 24/7.

The output after 30 seconds or so, depending upon the time of day relative to the main trading hours for EUR/USD, for the above code, is given below:

The first five lines show the JSON tick data returned from OANDA with bid/ask prices. Subsequently you can see the output as well as the JSON response returned from OANDA confirming the opening of a buy trade for 10, units of EUR/USD and the price it was achieved at.

This will keep running indefinitely until you kill the program with a "Ctrl-Z" command or similar.

What's Next?

In later articles we are going to carry out some much-needed improvements, including:

• Real strategies - Proper forex strategies that generate profitable signals.
• Production infrastructure - Remote server implementation and 24/7 monitored trading system, with stop/start capability.
• Portfolio and risk management - Portfolio and risk overlays for all suggested orders from the strategy.
• Multiple strategies - Constructing a portfolio of strategies that integrate into the risk management overlay

As with the equities event-driven backtester, we also need to create a forex backtesting module. That will let us carry out rapid research and make it easier to deploy strategies.

Full Code

(remember to change and !):

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