Society ought to require welfare recipients to look for jobs. Panel b shows the combinations of meat and potatoes that Frank can produce. Economists, therefore, study how people make decisions: how much they work, what they buy, how much they save, and how they invest their savings. Most important, market economies need institutions to enforce property rights so individuals can own and control scarce resources. Short-Run Economic Fluctuations 33 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 34 The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand 35 The Short-Run Trade-off between Inflation and Unemployment The model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply explains short-run economic fluctuations, the short-run effects of monetary and fiscal policy, and the short-run linkage between real and nominal variables.
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