in radiocarbon dating
In practice, the level of 14 C in a sample is compared to a standard calibration curve constructed by measuring the 14 C present in samples of known age. The surplus "bomb" radiocarbon is just one of the effects human have had on the ratio of 14 C to 12 C. The sample-context relationship is not always straightforward. While alive, organisms continue to take in carbon. Differences in atmospheric carbon are corrected for using a calibration curve. Once an organism is no longer participating in the carbon cycle through metabolic processes, due to death or other means such as the seperation of fingernails and feathers , 14 C returns to 14 N through a type of radioactive decay called beta-decay. The strength of the Earth's field modulates the production of radiocarbon in the upper atmosphere.
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