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Turkish professional football club

Football club

Galatasaray Spor Kulübü (Turkish pronunciation:&#;[ɡaɫatasaˈɾaj ˈspoɾ kulyˈby], Galatasaray Sports Club), also known as Galatasaray AŞ in UEFA competitions,^[4] is a Turkish professional football club based on the European side of the city of Istanbul. It is the association football branch of the larger Galatasaray Sports Club of the same name, itself a part of the Galatasaray Community Cooperation Committee which includes Galatasaray High School where the football club was founded in October consisting entirely of student members. The team traditionally play in dark shades of red and yellow at home, with the shirts split down the middle between the two colours. Galatasaray is the most successful Turkish football club in history.

Galatasaray is one of three teams to have participated in all seasons of the Süper Lig since , following the dissolution of the Istanbul Football League.

Galatasaray also has accumulated the most Süper Lig (23), Turkish Cup (18) and Turkish Super Cup (16) titles in Turkey,^[5][6][7] thus making them the most decorated football club in Turkey, as those competitions are the top nationwide Turkish professional leagues and cups that are recognized and accounted for in accordance to the regulations set by the Turkish Football Federation^[8] and UEFA.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Internationally, Galatasaray has won the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup in , becoming the first and only Turkish team to win a major UEFA competition. They have also won the Emirates cup in in London. In the – season, the club achieved the rare feat of completing a treble by winning the Süper Lig, the Turkish Cup, and the UEFA Cup in a single season. Galatasaray is also the only Turkish club to have been ranked first on the IFFHS World Rankings.^[13] According to the same international organization, Galatasaray is the best Turkish club of the 20th century, and the 60th most successful club in Europe.^[14]

Since , the club's stadium is the 52,capacity Nef Stadium in Seyrantepe, Istanbul. Previously, the club played at the Ali Sami Yen Stadium, as well as a succession of other grounds in Istanbul, which included groundshares with Beşiktaş and Fenerbahçe at the Taksim Stadium and İnönü Stadium.

As a result of the team's 20th championship for the –15 Süper Lig season, their crest hereafter contains four stars representing their 20 championships for the league; each star corresponds to five of the team's championships. Making them the first and only Turkish club to have achieved such a feat, thereby officially being the club with most stars on their logo in Turkey.

The club has a long-standing rivalry with Istanbul teams, namely with Beşiktaş and Fenerbahçe. The derby between Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe is dubbed the Kıtalar Arası Derbi (English: Intercontinental Derby) due to the location of their headquarters and stadiums on the European (Galatasaray) and Asian (Fenerbahçe) sides of the Bosphorusstrait in Istanbul. Moreover, the club's fanbase holds extreme bitterness towards Leeds United, following the UEFA Cup semi-final violence when two Leeds fans were stabbed to death by Galatasaray fans. Four men were arrested and charged with their murders. The deaths led to an angry reaction in England with Galatasaray fans being banned from attending the second leg at Elland Road.

History[edit]

Main article: History of Galatasaray S.K.

The first recorded photo of Galatasaray ()

Galatasaray SK was founded in October (the exact day is disputed, but is traditionally accepted as "17 Teşrinievvel " according to the Rumi calendar, which corresponds to "30 October " according to the Gregorian calendar) by Ali Sami Yen and other students of Galatasaray High School (a high school in Istanbul which was established in ) as a football club. Ali Sami Yen became Galatasaray SK's first president and was given the club's membership number "1". The team's first match was against Cadi-Keuy FC and Galatasaray won this match with a score of 2–0.^[15] There were discussions about the club's name, in which some suggested Gloria (victory) and others Audace (courage), but it was decided that its name would be Galatasaray.^[16]

In addition to Ali Sami Yen (Club member No. 1), who was the driving force behind the club's foundation, Asim Tevfik Sonumut (2), Emin Bülent Serdaroğlu (3), Celal İbrahim (4), Boris Nikolov (5), Milo Bakić (6), Pavle Bakić (7), Bekir Sıtkı Bircan (8), Tahsin Nihat (9), Reşat Şirvanizade (10), Hüseyin Hüsnü (11), Refik Cevdet Kalpakçıoğlu (12) and Abidin Daver (13)^[17] were also involved in the decision to organize such a club.

Our aim is to play together, to have a colour and a name, and to beat the non-Turkish teams.

—&#;Ali Sami Yen

The name Galatasaray itself comes from that of Galatasaray High School, which in turn takes its name from Galata Sarayı Enderûn-u Hümâyûn (Galata Palace Imperial School), the name of the original school founded on the site in , and which in turn took its name from the nearby medieval Genoesecitadel of Galata (the modern quarter of Karaköy) in the Beyoğlu (Pera) district of Istanbul. Galatasaray literally means "Galata palace".

According to researcher Cem Atabeyoğlu, Galatasaray took its name from one of its first matches. In that match, Galatasaray won 2–0 over a local Greek club, and the spectators called them "Galata Sarayı efendileri" (English: "Gentlemen of Galata Palace"), and, after this incident, they adopted that name and started to call their club "Galata Sarayı". In , during the era of the Ottoman Empire, there were no laws for associations so the club could not be registered officially, but, after the Law of Association, the club registered legally.^[18]

Since there weren't any other Turkish teams, Galatasaray joined the Istanbul League that was consisting of English and Greek teams in the season of – With their first championship title they won in –, they heralded the beginning of Turkish football history.^[19]

While football in Turkey began to fully develop, Galatasaray won ten more Istanbul League titles^{[citation needed]} until Upon the initiation of professional football in , the first professional but non-national league of Turkey, Istanbul Professional League, was played between and Galatasaray won three of these seven titles.

Line up of Galatasaray in European Cup semi-finals

Türkiye Profesyonel 1. Ligi (Turkish Super League today) formed in This is the top-flight professional league in Turkish nationwide football, and the most popular sporting competition in the country. Galatasaray joined all seasons and won 23 league titles since then.

The Turkish Football Federation began organizing the Turkish Cup (today it is organized with the name Ziraat Turkish Cup) in the –63 season for Turkish clubs to qualify for the UEFA competitions. This is the only national cup competition in Turkey. Galatasaray joined all seasons and won 16 trophies since then.^[20]

Probably the greatest record that the club holds is winning national championships in 15 different sport branches in the –87 season.^{[citation needed]} Another achievement in this period was reaching the semi-final of the European Cup in the –89 season, making Galatasaray the first and only Turkish team to have played a semi-final in this competition.

Galatasaray's most successful era came in the late s, when the club become the first and only Turkish football club to win a major UEFA competition. They were aided in this by one of Turkey's best generation of homegrown footballers who went on to finish third in the FIFA World Cup, after having played in the quarter-finals of UEFA Euro Besides the talented players, visiting teams also disliked traveling into Ali Sami Yen Stadium, literally dubbed "Hell" by Galatasaray supporters due to the intimidating atmosphere provided by the fans including chants and riots in the crowds.^[21]

There are many successful footballers who have played for Galatasaray and made their mark on Turkish football history. The team's legendary players include Nihat Bekdik nicknamed Aslan (Lion); the s national hero Eşfak Aykaç;^[22] Boduri who died aged 21;^[23] Mehmet Leblebi who scored a domestic record of 14 goals in a single match;^[24]Gündüz Kılıç nicknamed Baba (Father) who was the coach but also the player of his team in the s, with great success in both duties;^[25] Bülent-Reha Eken brothers; Suat Mamat who scored three goals in the FIFA World Cup;^[26]Coşkun Özarı who devoted his life to Galatasaray;^[27]Turgay Şeren the heroic goalkeeper who was called "the Panther of Berlin";^[28]Fatih Terim, the team captain of Galatasaray and Turkish national football team for many years, who won the UEFA Cup in as the team's coach;^[29]Metin Oktay the legendary six-time top-scorer of the Turkish Super League;^[30]Zoran Simović, another skilled goalkeeper known for his penalty saves;^[31]Cüneyt Tanman who played a record of games for Galatasaray;^[32]Tanju Çolak, an extraordinary goalscorer and the European Golden Boot winner with Galatasaray;^[33]Cevad Prekazi, an Albanian teammate of Tanju Çolak specializing in free kicks;^[34]Cláudio Taffarel the World Cup-winning goalkeeper for Brazil;^[35]Gheorghe Hagi, the Romanian football hero who is still described by some as the best foreign player ever to play in Turkey;^[36] Brazilian striker Mário Jardel, dubbed "Super Mário" by the fans and scored both of Galatasaray's two goals in the European Super Cup Final against Real Madrid; and last, but not least, Hakan Şükür, the player who scored most goals in Süper Lig history with

Name and pronunciation[edit]

Galatasaray (Turkish pronunciation:&#;[ɡalatasaˈɾaj]) is a quarter in Karaköy in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn. Its name comes from that of Galata, which may in turn have derived from Galatai (meaning the "Galatians"), as the Celtic tribes were thought to have camped at Galata during the Hellenistic period before settling in Galatia in central Anatolia. Galatasaray translates directly as "Galata Palace" (saray means "palace" in Persian). Galatasaray High School, established in the area in , was the progenitor of Galatasaray S.K. as well as other institutions of Galatasaray Community.^[37]

Galatasaray is a compound word and is pronounced as such, with a very brief pause between the two words.^[38] There is no diminutive form of the club's name. Fans refer to the club either by its full name or by its nickname Cim-Bom(-Bom), pronounced:[dʒim bom (bom)]). The person who brought this slogan to Turkey was Sabit Cinol. While Cinol was in Switzerland for education, he also played football. Inspired by the slogan of Servette, the club he played for, Cinol adapted this slogan for Galatasaray, and this adaptation was embraced by the club and the wider community.^[39] However, the shortened form "Gala" is sometimes used by English speakers.

Crest and colours[edit]

Galatasaray's first emblem was drawn by [School Number] Şevki Ege. This was the figure of a spread-winged eagle with a football in its beak. The eagle was a model emblem that Galatasaray dwelled on in the beginning. But when the name did not attract too much interest, Şevki Ege's composition was pushed aside. It was replaced by the current design in the s. This replaced in by the current "Ghayn-Sin" crest, which are the first two Arabic letters of "G"alata "S"aray, designed by Ayetullah Emin.^[40]

At first, the colours of Galatasaray were red and white. These are the colours in the modern Turkish flag. The Turkish Republic, however, was not founded at that time. Therefore, this decision caused the repressive administration of the day to feel uncomfortable and the administration subsequently pressured the footballers. For this reason, on December 26, , the colors were changed to yellow and black.^[41] The eight-piece halved design kit was ordered from the Sports Outfitter William Shillcock based in Birmingham, United Kingdom.^[42] After a heavy loss to Baltalimanı in a friendly match the new colours yellow and black were counted as inauspicious.

We were picturing the yellow-red flames shining on our team and dreaming that it would take us to victories. Indeed it did.

—&#;Ali Sami Yen

On 6 December , for a match against the football team of the Royal Navy cruiser HMS&#;Barham, Galatasaray finally settled on playing in red and yellow, inspired by the roses which Gül Baba offered to Sultan Bayezid II.^[43]Ali Sami Yen stated, "After we have been in and out of several shops, we saw two different elegant-looking wool materials in Fatty Yanko's store at Bahçekapısı (between Eminönü and Sirkeci in Istanbul, now called Bahçekapı). One of them was quite dark red, resembling the cherry color, and the other a rich yellow with a touch of orange. When the sales clerk made the two fabrics fly together with a twist of his hand they became so bright that it reminded us the beauty of a goldfinch. We thought we were looking at the colors flickering in burning fire. We were picturing the yellow-red flames shining on our team and dreaming that it would take us to victories. Indeed it did."^[18]

Home kit[edit]

The Galatasaray home kit have always been fundamentally the same since The traditional shirt of Galatasaray is the eight-piece halved design. This consists of the shirt’s front, back and sleeves being made up of two colours, resulting in the shirt being split into eight parts. (Two same colours are never next to each other within the 8 parts.) The colours continue in an alternating order, from yellow to red. This results in the front of the shirt being the opposite of the back and the shirt also having an halved design from the side. This alternating colour order of eight parts creates a complete halved design for the shirt.^[44] The classic eight-piece halved design would become the look of Galatasaray for around 80 years, until when sportswear manufacturer Adidas began to provide the shirts and the sleeves were made up by one colour and not halved. Created over a century ago, the classic Galatasaray kit combination consists of the eight-piece halved traditional shirt, white shorts and red socks and are usually worn as part of the home strip.^[44] This changed in the mids, when sportswear manufacturer Adidas began to provide the shirts. The club reverted to the "classic" kit in ^[44][45] The official colours are Pantone shades (yellow) and (red).^[46]

Kit history[edit]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors[edit]

Galatasaray's kit is manufactured by Nike, who have held the contract since Previous kit manufacturers have been: Çamlıca (–79); Adidas (–82, –91, –, and –11); Umbro (–81, –83, –95, and –05); Puma (–81); Gola (–82); Fatih (–85); and Lotto (–02).

Since , Galatasaray's shirt sponsors have been Sixt. Previous sponsors include: Volvo and PeReJa (–78); Halı Fleks (–80); Telefunken, Alo, and THY (–81); Borsaş and Meban (–83); Telefunken (–84); Modell's (–85); Denizbank (–86); TürkBank (–91); ADEC Saat (–92); SHOW TV (–95); Emek Sigorta (–95); VakıfBank (–97); Bank Ekspres (–98); Marshall (–); Telsim (–01); Aria (–04); Avea (–09); Türk Telekom (–14); Huawei (–15), Dumankaya (–16), UNDP (), Nef (–19), Terra Pizza (–20) and Sixt (–) for domestic matches and since for international matches Turkish Airlines.

Grounds[edit]

Main articles: Ali Sami Yen Stadı and Nef Stadium

Ali Sami Yen Stadium[edit]

When Galatasaray were formed no Turkish teams had their own home ground, and all games in the Istanbul Football League took place at Papazın Çayırı – now the site of Fenerbahçe's Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium. In the city's first proper football stadium was constructed, Taksim Stadium, which was used as the home ground for all of Istanbul's teams.^[47] When historic Taksim Stadium was demolished in , Galatasaray decided to build a large, modern stadium. Due to difficulties stemming from World War II, construction was delayed for over two decades. In this period, they played in Şeref Stadi and Dolmabahçe Stadi On 20 December , Ali Sami Yen Stadium opened.^[48] Named after the founder of Galatasaray, Ali Sami Yen, it is in the Mecidiyeköy quarter of the Şişli district at the center of the city. In , the stadium had capacity over 35, Due to improvements in security and prohibition of non-seater spectators, the all-seater capacity reduced to 22, in A few years later, the rebuilt of main stand, which was damaged by an earthquake, slightly increased the capacity.^[49] After , when Atatürk Olympic Stadium was built for Istanbul's Olympic Games bid, Galatasaray started to play European Cup matches there. The attendance record among Turkish stadiums was broken there, in Galatasaray–Olympiacos match played in front of 79, spectators. Yet, Ali Sami Yen Stadium has historic importance for Galatasaray fans although it is smaller and older.^[50] The stadium was in demolished after Galatsaray moved to the newly built Nef Stadium.

Nef Stadium[edit]

The new home ground of Galatasaray is the newly built Nef Stadium in the Seyrantepe area of Sarıyer.^[51] It is also known as Ali Samiyen Spor Kompleksi. The new stadium, which was opened 15 January , has a capacity of 52, seats, making it the largest private stadium used by a club in Turkey.^[52]

Stadium anthems[edit]

Since , after every goal scored by Galatasaray, the last part of the song "I Will Survive" by the Hermes House Band is played. Although the song is in English, the part used has no lyrics except "la la la la". In addition, before every game the Galatasaray War Chant is played accompanied by what the fans call a "scarf show" where fans display and wave their Galatasaray scarves, banners and flags. Many people^[who?] call the Turk Telekom Stadium 'Cehennem' (hell) because of stadium anthems and the continuous roar of the fans.^{[citation needed]}

Stadium history[edit]

Support[edit]

European matches[edit]

Galatasaray fans attach high importance to European competitions, and Galatasaray is known as the Conqueror of Europe by their fans. This nickname underlines the importance of the UEFA Cup and Super Cup Galatasaray managed to win during the – season. Galatasaray fans also have a reputation in Europe as being one of the most fanatic in the world, along with ultrAslan. Ryan Giggs once said I've never experienced anything like Galatasaray. Three hours before kick-off, we went out to have a look at the pitch and the stadium was overcrowded! The chanting was brilliant: one side starts, then the other, then quiet, then all of them chanting! The players really enjoyed it. Before it was good, after it wasn't for us.'^[54][55]

Records[edit]

Galatasaray fans broke the "loudest crowd roar at a sport stadium" record on 18 March at Galatasaray's new stadium Türk Telekom Stadium in Istanbul. A peak reading of dBA was recorded.^[56]

On March 11, , Galatasaray broke the longest winning streak record (14) in Turkish Süper Lig history with a win over Kasımpaşa.^[57]

Popularity of Galatasaray in Turkey[edit]

The poll in June placed Galatasaray in the first place with a % level of popularity while Fenerbahçe comes second with a % level, Beşiktaş third with % and Trabzonspor fourth with %.^[58][59] The same result was announced in another poll dated September which included a sample of Turkish people.^[60]

Istanbul derbies[edit]

Main articles: Kıtalar Arası Derbi and Beşiktaş vs Galatasaray

"The big three" clubs of Istanbul – Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray – have a century-long history of rivalry. The Galatasaray–Fenerbahçe rivalry is the primary Istanbul derby and the most important rivalry in Turkish football.^[61] The rivalry poses a symbolic importance to supporters due to an assumed superiority that comes with winning the derby. Supporters are often quoted as stating that winning the league without winning the derby is hollow. There is always huge interest in the derby due to its fierce nature on and off the pitch. Many documentaries have been made about the derby including an episode of The Real Football Factories International. The rivalry has led to violence among supporters on numerous occasions, though this has been on the decline in recent years. The typical features of derby days include sell out stadiums, loud support throughout the match and taunting choreography displays by supporters before kick off.^[62] Other top level İstanbul derbies include the teams; İstanbul BB and Kasımpaşa although these teams pose a minor rivalry as the history and the nationwide attention to the derbies among the big three is unmatched.

Torches, smoke, drums, flags and giant posters are used to create visual grandeur and apply psychological pressure on visiting teams, which fans call "welcoming them to hell".^[63]

Honours[edit]

See also: List of Galatasaray S.K. records and statistics and Galatasaray S.K. in European football

Domestic competitions[edit]

Winners (23) (record):–62, –63, –69, –71, –72, –73, –87, –88, –93, –94, –97, –98, –99, –, –02, –06, –08, –12, –13, –15, –18, –19, –23

Runners-up (11): , –61, –66, –75, –79, –86, –91, –01, –03, –14, –21

Winners (18) (record): –63, –64, –65, –66, –73, –76, –82, –85, –91, –93, –96, –99, –, –05, –14, –15, –16, –19

Runners-up (5): –69, –80, –94, –95, –98

Winners (16) (record):, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Runners-up (9): , , , , , , , ,

Winners (1):

Runners-up (5): , , , ,

Runners-up (1):

Runners-up (1):

Winners (5): , , , ,

Runners-up (2): ,

International competitions[edit]

Galatasaray celebrating their UEFA Cup win after being handed the accolade by UEFA President Lennart Johansson

Winners (1):–

Winners (1):

Semi-finalist (1): –89

Regional competitions[edit]

Winners (15): –09, –10, –11, –15, –16, –22, –25, –26, –27, –29, –31, –49, –55, –56, –58

Winners (2): –42, –43 (shared-record)

Winners (1): –33

Doubles and Trebles[edit]

Other[edit]

Winners (1):

Winners (12): , , , , , , , , , , , (shared-record)

Runners-up (9): , , , , , , , ,

Winners (1):

Winners (1):

Winners (1):

Winners (1):

Winners (1):

Players[edit]

Current squad[edit]

As of 16 June ^[64]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

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