thv cave manager ea v141

The current drainage uses 5 the deep Messinian drain; the Pliocene phreatic lifts are abandoned as fossil 'chimney-shafts'. Proceedings of 3rd International Congress of Speleology, Vienna, 5. This ends the inception phase for these passages. When there is a pause or slowing of entrenchment, the valley bottom broadens into a floodplain, and cave passages at that level have time to acquire large cross sections. Such cave systems are controlled by passive parameters lithologic and tectonic and by boundary conditions type of recharge, topographic gradient, base-level position, etc.

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