We evaluated subtypes for: i internal validity within dataset, across methods ; ii prognostic validity predictive accuracy for 5-year all-cause mortality and admissions ; and iii medications new and existing by British National Formulary chapter. RESULTS : This review provides evidence that machine learning, data mining, and natural language processing were used to improve efficient pain recognition and pain assessment, analyze self-reported pain data, predict pain, and help clinicians and patients to manage chronic pain more effectively. Smoking cessation was significantly higher in viral tool kit of participants [ Several PHI detection models were developed based on different training datasets, fine-tuning approaches and data augmentation techniques, and a synthetic PHI generation algorithm. However, further improvements are required before implementing these models in real clinical settings.
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