Metodo Directo Etapas Document pages. Another study about visual estimation in IPA described fair to good reliability for the visual estimation and goniometry for shoulder abduction [ 12 ]. The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee protocol no. In IPA, the examiner gave resistance in the direction of wrist flexion, to grades between 4 and 5. IPA For global exploration of the movement of the shoulder, the patients were instructed to raise their arm and then the lead hand towards the contralateral scapula.
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